Wednesday, October 31, 2012

The Reference Frame: Was Sandy systematically caused by CO2?

Anthony Watts wrote down a nice table describing which folks believe or at least pretend to believe that CO2 "caused" Hurricane Sandy and which people don't. If I simplify it a little bit, activists, liars, and crackpots such as Al Gore support the link while scientists don't. I am kind of pleased to see that for the first time, most of the media seem to agree that the people promoting the hurricane-CO2 link are hacks.

I was intrigued by a member of the former group, hardcore leftist activist Mr George Lakoff, who wrote the following text for the Huffington Post:

Global Warming Systemically Caused Hurricane Sandy
He introduces a new problematic term: "systematic causation". He believes that fossil fuels "systemically caused" Hurricane Sandy (and other weather events we don't like). The description makes it look like the construct "A systemically caused B" means "A increased the odds of B" ? note that my alternative wording is equally long, much more accurate, and not requiring any new contrived phrases.

Except that Mr Lakoff believes that AIDS is only "systemically caused", not "directly caused", by the HIV virus. That's pretty interesting. Either he is an HIV denier or his definition of "systemic causation" is internally inconsistent. But let's ask two questions: Was Sandy "systemically caused" by CO2 emissions? And forgetting about the answer and focusing on genuine "systemic causes" of bad events in general, is it legitimate for the society to outlaw them?

My answer to both questions is No, although the latter question deserves a subtler discussion.

Unless you believe in astrology and similar things, you will surely agree that it's not in the power of CO2 or any other indirect hypothetical causes to adjust some "highly internal" and "seemingly random" characteristics of tropical storms such as the population of the city that the storms target. ;-)

So the fact that Sandy managed to flood some tunnels in the New York subway system, among dozens of related achievements, is pretty clearly a coincidence that can't be explained by any well-defined long-term "cause", not even a "systemic cause". Most hurricanes avoid New York, some hurricanes get there, and only the proportion may be measured or theoretically calculated. In other words, when we talk about unknown future hurricanes, we may only predict their ability to target New York or other great cities probabilistically. And we may only estimate the probability that the most important hurricane of 2013 will make landing at most 4 days before the Halloween.

(The same comment, "only probabilistic predictions are possible", obviously applies to earthquakes in Italy, too.)

Needless to say, exactly the same words apply to Katrina and New Orleans in 2005. Katrina was a big story ? much bigger than Sandy (surely by the number of casualties) ? because it hit a large and relatively vulnerable city of New Orleans. Sandy was a relatively big story because it affected the "greatest city in the world" although not as much as Katrina did harm New Orleans. Let's agree that the targeting is a matter of chance.

But if you subtract all the "special characteristics" of Sandy that are related to its random path, there is almost nothing left. In fact, by the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE), Sandy isn't even the largest storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. It's not even the second one. It's not even the third one: Sandy is just the fourth largest Atlantic tropical storm of 2012. That shouldn't be shocking because it has made it to the Category 2 and only marginally and for a short time.

One may look for various detailed properties of Sandy ? its trajectory, its area, its pre-Halloween timing, and so on. But I think it's clear that trying to attribute some "message" (I would say "divine message") to any of these detailed properties is a sign of medieval superstitions. People who try to interpret these properties as divine signals may use a quasi-scientific vocabulary but the vocabulary isn't the essence. The essence is the logic behind their thoughts and beliefs and it is equally unscientific as any other generic medieval superstitions.

The fact that Sandy went to New Jersey is a coincidence ? one that could be predicted a few days in advance but one that has no implications for any knowledge or mechanisms that are relevant outside the end of October 2012. The fact that Sandy hit before the Halloween or before the U.S. presidential election is another coincidence. It's totally scientifically implausible to assign "causes" or "systemic causes" to such microscopic accidental characteristics of a tropical storm. Such links are equivalent to astrology and other superstitions. There isn't any conceivable natural mechanism that could impose such causal links ? and there's even no conceivable mechanism or explanation that could significantly increase the chance that a hurricane is more Sandy-like if the CO2 concentration is higher. I am convinced that everyone who has been given basic scientific education ? or who has a basic scientific intuition even in the absence of any formal education ? must know that.

So we are back to the usual questions whether the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may be increasing or decreasing the number or hurricanes or their average or maximum intensity. I think that the data speak a clear language: no such dependence, whether positive or negative, may be extracted from the data that seem to be fully explainable by "noise", essentially "white noise". In the future, the datasets will become more extensive and perhaps more accurate and people may see a signal we don't see today. That's why it makes sense to ask whether we may predict what they will see. I think (based on arguments I have been repeatedly explained by Richard Lindzen in particular) that if they will ever see such an impact, it should be a negative impact ? fewer hurricanes or weaker hurricanes. It's because storminess and other activity is driven by temperature (and other) gradients and in a hypothetical warmer world, the equator-pole temperature difference should be smaller because the poles should warm up faster. The gradients should decrease and because the gradients power the cyclone activity (and other things, including temperature variations in general), the cyclone activity should go down.

That's my prediction but I don't know how strong the effect is. It's probably very weak and it may remain invisible for centuries and perhaps forever because "global warming caused by CO2" will most likely never have an observable effect that would go beyond a modest shift of the global mean temperature.

Even when you look at the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season which became another heavily overhyped one, you will see that the Accumulated Cyclone Energy is just 121 so far, just marginally higher than the historical average around 105. The ACEs for individual seasons are never constant. They belong to some statistical distribution. It's inevitable that sometimes, the ACE ends up being above the average, sometimes (in many years after 2005), it ends up being below the average. There's nothing shocking about either outcome: it's a law of physics that such things are not constant although left-wing, egalitarian activists often have a problem with this totally basic concept underlying all of science.

Standing doctrine vs systemic causes

Despite all the hype, there's no evidence that something is changing about the statistical distributions that encode the number, strength, and geographical location of tropical storms and there's surely no evidence that this unobserved change of the distributions has some particular reasons such as a changing CO2 concentration. We've spent way too much time with this stuff. If someone isn't able to see that my conclusion is the only one that is empirically defensible, he or she probably suffers from some hopeless mania of superstitions and it's probably impossible to rationally talk to such a person.

But I want to continue with my second topic, namely the right of "systemic causes" to lead to bans. Are bans justified by "systemic causes" i.e. causes that only affect undesirable effects probabilistically desirable and compatible with some legal principles of civilized countries based on the rule of law? I would say that the answer is mostly No and if it's Yes, it shouldn't be "complete bans" and the legislation behind some "incentives" shouldn't be dogmatic but it should be based on a careful cost-and-benefit analysis.

What do I mean?

In 2006, I informed about a Massachusetts vs EPA lawsuit that ultimately ended by the unbelievable verdict that CO2 was a pollutant that EPA has the duty to regulate. So far, thank God, this pernicious verdict hasn't been fully exploited but it's a time bomb that may still explode sometime in the future.

In 2006, I discussed an important legal technicality, the standing doctrine:

It says that the plaintiff in front of the federal courts must show that her injury is "concrete and particularized" as well as "actual or imminent". The founding fathers wrote these wise sentences exactly in order to make things like suppression of the freedom of speech or suppression of life and the work of companies with the help of hypothetical accusations impossible.
Using Mr Lakoff's new terms, a person who thinks he has been affected by a "systemic cause" has no standing in the federal courts! Indeed, it's very important that only "direct causes" may be used as arguments against a "culprit". Mr Lakoff's suggestion that we should suddenly start to fight against "systemic causes", i.e. against all kinds of acts and events that have been hypothesized to increase the chance of some undesirable "systemic consequences", is therefore extremely dangerous for the life in the U.S. and elsewhere. Such a program would have a huge potential to restrict the very basic freedoms of the citizens and corporations ? well, indeed, this may be the very goal of Mr Lakoff and his comrades.

Our laws are actually already full of various regulations that are meant to suppress "systemic causes", i.e. processes that may increase the chances of undesired consequences. The laws protecting people against passive smoking may be picked as an example.

Science hasn't resolved the question whether passive smoking increases the odds of various bad diseases. There are many theoretical reasons to think that the answer should be Yes. There are also some "maverick" reasons that the influence could actually be going in the opposite direction ? explanations emulating the proverb "whatever doesn't kill you makes you stronger" (those things are believed by some in the case of weak radioactivity in particular). I personally think that the former ? passive smoking is somewhat unhealthy ? is more likely to be true.

However, this uncertainty is often presented using big words and the possible consequences are often presented as far-reaching ones. But this is a complete distortion of what the scientific research has already found out. We don't have reliable data showing that second-hand smoking increases the probability e.g. of lung cancer; and we don't have reliable data showing that second-hand smoking decreases the probability of e.g. lung cancer.

But we actually do have lots of evidence to say that if any of these two influences exists, it's very small! This conclusion of many studies that asked this very question is often being obscured, overlooked, and censored. But it's damn real. If \(p_\text{no smoke}\) is the probability to "catch" lung cancer if you are exposed to no cigarette smoke at all, the probability for second-hand smokers is related to it by something like\[

p_\text{second-hand smokers} = (1.1\pm 0.2) p_\text{no smoke}.

\] This is a number comparable to the results of various surveys. It's not the number from any particular survey but this result is as compatible with them as any single survey from the list of actual surveys and I think it's good to offer you my own number so that you won't overestimate the importance of any particular paper in literature. There is some error margin and the results are compatible with the hypothesis that there's no influence. And they are compatible with the hypothesis that the second-hand smoke slightly increases the risk or slightly decreases the risk (for the latter, the compatibility may be worse).

But the experiments are not compatible with the hypothesis that passive smokers have a doubled risk (or, on the contrary, halved risk) of lung cancer, for example!

That's an important point that will lead you, if you're rational, to realize that the change of lung cancer risks isn't a rational reason to avoid second-hand smoke! There may be other reasons but this simply ain't one of them because if the influence exists, it is weaker than the "noise". Because of genetic and other differences, you may have a 4 times higher risk or 3 times lower risk to develop lung cancer than your friend. You don't really know what the chance is but whether you change the risk by 10% isn't a real issue and if you're unpleasant to your environment because of this small correction to the noise, you may be rightfully viewed as an intolerant jerk. This may increase the chances that someone will kill you so you may be actually shortening your life by being nasty to smokers around you.

But such "systemic causes" that increase the chances of something bad do exist. I could surely find better examples than the second-hand smoke. The society wants to thrive "statistically" so it may invent various policies that "encourage" the systemic causes of good things and "discourage" systemic causes of bad things. But it's important that such legislation shouldn't be dogmatic, black-and-white, and mindless.

Various processes we have may have "good systemic consequences" (good events whose probability is increased by the cause) as well as "bad systemic consequences" (the bad events whose chance is increased by the cause). Both of them must be taken into account. I think that if the "good systemic consequences" prevail ? e.g. if we measure them in dollars ? it's utterly irrational and counterproductive to legally discourage such "systemic causes".

Needless to say, even if Sandy were fully caused by CO2 emissions in 2012 ? in reality, not even 1% of it is "caused" by any carbon dioxide, whether one emitted in 2012 or any other previous year ? it would still fail to imply that it's irrational to regulate CO2 using this Sandy justification. The damages caused by Sandy are of order $20 billion. Imagine that this happens every year. However, the damages caused by a full ban (or near-complete ban) on CO2 would be several trillion dollars a year just for the U.S. So even if you believed the totally indefensible hypothesis that "CO2 is the systemic cause behind most Sandy-like hurricanes", it would still be indefensible to introduce laws that (almost) outlaw the carbon dioxide. The actual cost-and-benefits analysis implies that the ban would be at least 3 orders of magnitude more costly than the "damages" it tries to mitigate.

In some cases, we may find out that it's plausible that some acts contribute as "systemic causes" to some undesired consequences. In those cases, it could make sense to create laws that would force the "perpetrators" of the acts identified as "systemic causes" to pay for a corresponding fraction of the damages of the consequences that were "partly or statistically" caused by the acts.

Let me give you an example. Imagine that there's some breakthrough or change and evidence accumulates that 10% of hurricanes like Sandy are caused by the CO2 emissions. If this were true ? and I don't believe that the current science suggests anything of the sort but just imagine that it will do so in the future ? then it would make sense to introduce legislation that would force the CO2 emitters to pay 10% of the damages caused by future hurricanes similar to Sandy. (Without a new law, prosecution must remain impossible. A judge simply can't prosecute someone for some previously unencountered "systemic causes" because the "guilt" can't be reliably demonstrated so any "guilty" verdict would conflict with the presumption of innocence!)

For "another Sandy" whose damages are $20 billion or so, the "club of all the world's CO2 emitters" would be ordered to pay $2 billion to the fund for the victims of "another Sandy". It would save some money to the insurers and others.

You surely see where I am going. My point is that even if science accumulated evidence that CO2 helps to strengthen similar hurricanes or increase their number, the extra fees that the CO2 emitters after a similar hurricane would have to pay would be totally negligible and they wouldn't change anything whatsoever about their business. Every year, the world's CO2 emitters would pay some extra $2 billion for an Atlantic hurricane, perhaps another billion for another weather event that would be partly blamed on them, and so on. So they could share a $5 billion fine a year.

That's totally negligible because they ? and we ? collectively waste hundreds of billions of dollars a year by carbon markets and similar policies to regulate the CO2 emissions.

Even if you decided that the largest hurricanes we experience are partially ? significantly ? "systemically caused" by CO2, the damages would still be vastly smaller than the costs of the war on CO2. The insane people who defend the policies regulating CO2 need much more than an indefensible attribution of weather events to the gas we call life: they need to invent tons of events and devastation that doesn't exist at all. They need a full, unrestricted demagogy. They are living outside the reality and their survival depends on their complete separation from the reality and from the truth.

It's very important to keep all those events and hypothetical causal relationships in the context and to assign them numbers. Even if human lives are at stake, you must talk about numbers. You either count the human lives separately or identify a human life with XY million dollars, whatever the right number is, but it's totally critical to do so and to preserve a rational thinking at every step. The failure to do so opens the door to the demagogy by unhinged medieval superstitious assholes such as the scum that wants to fight against the carbon dioxide. And once these jerks see the open door, they won't hesitate to scream that an influence that is actually very insignificant, cheap, and de facto negligible (for the mankind and for the CO2 emitters) is practically infinite and Universe-threatening and enough for them to demand everything, ban anything they want, and become de facto dictators of the society.

We mustn't allow anything of the sort. We must preserve the rational and quantitative reasoning. If we manage to do so, we will inevitably protect our legal systems and habits from counterproductive policies such as the carbon regulation ? and from many other bad rules that refer to "externalities" and similar things that are actually negligible if looked at properly.

And that's the memo.

Source: http://motls.blogspot.com/2012/10/was-sandy-systematically-caused-by-co-2.html

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Flavor and texture alter how full we expect a food to makes us feel

ScienceDaily (Oct. 30, 2012) ? Low calorie foods may help people lose weight but there is often a problem that people using them do not feel full. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Flavour shows that subtle manipulations of texture and creamy flavour can increase the expectation that a fruit yoghurt drink will be filling and suppress hunger regardless of actual calorific content.

There is a currently a debate about satiety, how full low calorie foods and drinks make people feel and for how long, and whether or not they actually make people eat or drink more because the body is expecting more calories than are actually provided. Researchers from the University of Sussex designed an experiment to first see whether or not adding a thickening agent (tara gum) increased the sensation of thickness, stickiness and creaminess of a yoghurt drink, and then looked at how these affected expected fullness and expected satiety.

The results showed that even people who are not trained in food tasting were able to accurately pick up subtle differences in drink texture even though the taste remained the same.

In the second phase of the experiment subjects rated how filling they expected a drink to be by selecting a portion of pasta that they thought would have the same effect on their hunger as drinking a bottle of yoghurt. On average the thick drinks and the creamy drinks were expected to be more filling than the thin or non-creamy versions, and enhancing the creamy flavour of a thick drink further increased expected fullness. However their contributions to expected satiety were not equal -- only thickness (and not creaminess) had an effect on the expectation that a drink would suppress hunger over time.

Keri McCrickerd, who led this study, explained, "Hunger and fullness are complicated issues because it is not just the calories in a food or drink that make it filling. Signals from the stomach are important but so too is how the drink feels in the mouth. In our study both creamy flavour and texture affected expected fullness, but only thickness seemed to affect whether hunger was expected to be satisfied. This may be because thick texture is a characteristic of food that we associate with being full. Consumer expectations are important and our study shows that consumers are sensitive to subtle changes in oral sensory characteristics of a drink, and that thick texture and creamy flavour can be manipulated to enhance expectations of fullness and satiety regardless of calories."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by BioMed Central.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. K. McCrickerd, L. Chambers, J.M. Brunstrom, J.E. Norton, T. Mills, M.R. Yeomans. Subtle changes in the flavour and texture of a drink enhance expectations of satiety. Appetite, 2012; 59 (2): 632 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.087

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/FzgR1l8reCQ/121030210345.htm

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AstraZeneca deepens collaboration with academia

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New developments reveal a molecule with a promising function in terms of cancer treatment

ScienceDaily (Oct. 29, 2012) ? One of the current challenges in terms of cancer treatment is how it can be best adapted to patients: Today the emphasis is on personalised treatment (factoring in genetic and metabolic profiles). In response to this growing need for personalisation, there is an increasing demand for fundamental research to develop adapted future treatments. Researchers from Inserm and CNRS from the Institute for genetics and molecular and cellular biology (IGBMC) and from the Research Institute at the Strasbourg school of biotechnology (Irebs) have focussed their efforts on PARG, currently thought to be a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer. Their work has revealed the role of this molecule in regulating gene expression.

The results were published on 25 October 2012 in the journal Molecular Cell.

Cells are subjected to various stresses throughout their life. Some of this stress can damage DNA. Fortunately, cells have several mechanisms used to repair these lesions. Breaking two DNA strands is one of the most serious afflictions a chromosome can suffer. The cell must repair this break if it is to continue dividing. Repair actions are either performed in an optimal manner, and the cell resumes its normal division cycle, or the lesion is not repaired correctly, causing the cell to die or the appearance of an anomaly that may trigger cancer.

One of the repair mechanisms used is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. In this mechanism, some molecules (PARPs) detect DNA breaks and cause poly(ADP-riboses) synthesis that binds with proteins, thus initialising the lesion repair system. As such, this system can act as a 'saviour' if the repairs are correctly completed, but, it can be equally damaging in the event of incorrect repair.

In the case of cancer, to ensure the cells are destroyed, PARP inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical tests as therapeutic adjuvant used to increase the receptivity of cancer cells to specific chemotherapies.

In terms of fundamental research, researchers know that the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation mechanism is reversible and is closely regulated by Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). PARP and PARG thus seem to make up a tandem of molecules dedicated to maintaining genome integrity. PARG targeting has proved to potentiate the action of genotoxic agents, making this molecule a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of some cancers, as is the case for PARP.

However, little research has been conducted into PARG, but in light of its close links with PARP, researchers are now taking a very close look at its functions.

In this new work, the researchers have demonstrated that in addition to its genome repair role, PARG was involved in modulating the cell's transcriptional activity.

Given the keen current interest on PARP and PARG inhibitors in the treatment of cancer, it is essential to gain accurate knowledge of the functions and action modes of these promising therapeutic targets, as well as the consequences of their invalidation. This study is the first to highlight how PARG action mechanism regulates gene expression.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by INSERM (Institut national de la sant? et de la recherche m?dicale).

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Nicolas Le?May, Izarn Iltis, Jean-Christophe Am?, Alexander Zhovmer, Denis Biard, Jean-Marc Egly, Val?rie Schreiber, Fr?d?ric Coin. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Regulates Retinoic Acid Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression. Molecular Cell, 2012; DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.021

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/jc_K1l1hDvc/121030143138.htm

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Friday, October 26, 2012

Biden: McGovern 'modern Democratic Party' father

Vice President Joe Biden speaks at a prayer service for former Democratic U.S. senator and three-time presidential candidate George McGovern at the First United Methodist Church in Sioux Falls, S.D., Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. McGovern died Sunday in his native South Dakota at age 90. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik)

Vice President Joe Biden speaks at a prayer service for former Democratic U.S. senator and three-time presidential candidate George McGovern at the First United Methodist Church in Sioux Falls, S.D., Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. McGovern died Sunday in his native South Dakota at age 90. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik)

Vice President Joe Biden speaks at a prayer service for former Democratic U.S. senator and three-time presidential candidate George McGovern at the First United Methodist Church in Sioux Falls, S.D., Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. McGovern died Sunday in his native South Dakota at age 90. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik)

FILE - In this Jan. 22, 2011, file photo, former Democratic presidential nominee and U.S. Sen. George McGovern arrives for the funeral Mass for R. Sargent Shriver at Our Lady of Mercy Parish in Potomac, Md. Family spokesman said he passed away peacefully, surrounded by family and life-long friends early Sunday morning Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Cliff Owen, Pool, File)

FILE - This 1944 file photo provided by the McGovern family shows George McGovern when he received the Distinguished Flying Cross. Sioux Falls, S.D. is welcoming political figures, family and friends in town Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012 for a public viewing and prayer service to mark the life and career of former Democratic U.S. senator and three-time presidential candidate George McGovern, a legend in state's political history who died Sunday, Oct. 21, at age 90. (AP Photo/McGovern Family, File)

Musicians of the East of Westrerville band play at the end of a prayer service for former Democratic U.S. senator and three-time presidential candidate George McGovern at the First United Methodist Church in Sioux Falls, S.D., Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. McGovern died Sunday in his native South Dakota at age 90. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik)

(AP) ? In a stirring tribute Thursday to former Sen. George McGovern, Vice President Joe Biden hailed the one-time presidential nominee as the "father of the modern Democratic Party" for his forceful stand against the Vietnam War and for helping open the party to more women, young people and minorities.

Biden's 25-minute reflection capped a day of remembrance to the South Dakota icon, who carried his anti-war sentiment to his party's nomination in a 1972 race he would lose in a historic landslide to Republican President Richard Nixon.

Despite the loss, Biden said McGovern summoned public restlessness with the war and helped bring about its end before "so much more blood and so much more treasure would have been wasted."

"The war would never have ended when it did. It would never have ended how it did," Biden said, his voice rising as he turned his body toward McGovern's daughters. "Your father gave courage to people who didn't have the courage to speak up to finally stand up. Your father stood there and took all of that beating."

A larger funeral service for McGovern, who died Sunday at age 90, is set for Friday.

The Thursday evening ceremony featured heartfelt tributes by McGovern family members, longtime friends and political loyalists. The crowd of hundreds sat hushed as snippets of McGovern's acceptance speech from the 1972 Democratic National Convention crackled on a church loudspeaker. "We are entering a new period of important and hopeful change in America," came the echo from the past.

Mourners from near and far spent the afternoon filing past a flag-draped coffin, many drawing attention to his lifelong efforts to fight global hunger.

Biden, who served in the Senate with McGovern in the 1970s, led a cast of dignitaries. But many of those who showed up early at the First United Methodist Church were friends, neighbors, constituents or admirers of McGovern.

Among them was Burton Barnard, a 68-year-old from western Wisconsin. After driving 300 miles, he was toward the front of the line when the church opened for a four-hour viewing period.

"There's not that many people I would drive that far for," Barnard said. "McGovern was a deeply moral and principled leader for us in the 60s and 70s."

Francis and Nancy McGowan of Sioux Falls, both retired, said they attended the viewing because they held McGovern in high esteem because he cared for people.

"We're thankful for his service," Nancy McGowan said. "The world is a better place because he was here, not only for his wisdom as a politician but also for his caring and feeding of the hungry."

Some mourners sat down in the pews after filing past McGovern's coffin, and reflected as photos of McGovern flashed on screens. Some showed him during his 1972 campaign, others in his World War II Army uniform and others with his wife Eleanor, who died five years ago. One showed him hunched in a field with the words "Prairie Populist" in a corner.

Outside the church, a couple dozen members of the Patriot Guard stood on freshly fallen snow next to U.S. flags flapping in a cold wind. They were there to honor McGovern's World War II-era military service even though he was defined more by his anti-war stances later in life.

Jim Lentsch, a retired sheriff from Salem, S.D., referred to the senator simply as "George," a testament to the personal connection the small-state politician had with his former constituents.

"I grew up in South Dakota, I guess l've known him for years," Lentsch said, applauding McGovern's commitment to society's most needy and dedication to the college in his native Mitchell, S.D.

Thelma Moberly began to cry as she walked past the casket. Moberly, 85, and her husband Richard were good friends with the McGovern family. When Richard Moberly died in 1995, George McGovern called her from Washington to express his condolences.

"I just thought that was a beautiful gesture of kindness and caring. But that was George," Thelma Moberly said. "He was such a kind man to us. We're better because of him."

The two days of remembrance for the liberal lion will include some of South Dakota's highest ranking officials from both sides of the political spectrum. Sen. John Thune, Rep. Kristi Noem and South Dakota Gov. Dennis Daugaard, all Republicans, have confirmed they plan to attend. Democratic Sen. Tim Johnson was scheduled to speak at the Thursday evening prayer service that Biden was attending.

A larger memorial service was set for Friday, also in Sioux Falls. McGovern is to be buried at a later date at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington.

After his 1972 White House run ended in defeat, McGovern was re-elected once more to the Senate. South Dakota voters turned against him in 1980.

But McGovern, once a global ambassador in the fight against hunger, continued that cause well into his 80s. In 2008, he was awarded the World Food Prize along with former Republican Sen. Bob Dole, who like his compatriot faced defeat in a presidential race. It was not known if Dole would attend any of the services.

___

Associated Press writer Chet Brokaw contributed to this report.

___

Follow Brian Bakst on Twitter at http://twitter.com/stowydad.

Follow Kristi Eaton on Twitter at http://twitter.com/kristieaton.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-10-25-McGovern%20Services/id-6e6b46f15a51465a9b12b9994026e7dd

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Thursday, October 25, 2012

Egypt brokers informal Israel-Gaza truce: Israeli official

JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Palestinian militants held fire overnight on Thursday and Israel refrained from air strikes as an informal truce brokered by Egypt appeared to take hold following two days of violence along the Israel-Gaza border.

Palestinians had launched dozens of rockets into Israel over the preceding two days and Israel conducted a number of air raids on the coastal enclave, raising fears of a prolonged, bloody confrontation between the two sides.

An Israeli military spokeswoman said the last known rocket was fired from Gaza on Wednesday at 8.00 p.m. (2 p.m. EDT).

An Israeli defense official said no formal agreement had been reached with Hamas, the Islamist faction which controls the Gaza Strip, although Egyptian defense officials had been instrumental in restoring calm.

"The Egyptians have a very impressive ability to articulate to (Hamas) that its primary interest is not to attack and use terror against Israel or other targets," Israeli defense official Amos Gilad told Israeli Army Radio.

But he added that there was no direct agreement with the Islamist faction which refuses to recognize the Jewish state and calls for its destruction.

"It can be said categorically that there is no agreement with Hamas, there has never been and there will never be. ... The only thing that has been set and said is that there will be calm. We are not interested in an escalation," Gilad added.

On Wednesday, Israel killed a Hamas militant in an air strike which it said was intended to stop rocket launches. On Tuesday, Israel killed three Hamas men, saying they had either launched attacks or were about to do so.

In southern Israel, three agricultural workers were wounded when a Palestinian rocket exploded near them on Wednesday.

An Israeli military spokeswoman said 86 projectiles had been fired at Israel between Tuesday and Wednesday and that the Iron Dome system had intercepted eight of them. Several homes had been damaged by Palestinian rockets.

Israeli schools reopened on Thursday after they had been kept shut in communities near the fenced Gaza boundary and residents were urged to remain indoors.

Hamas has refused to renounce violence or recognize Israel's right to exist, and is ostracized by the Quartet of Middle East mediators comprising the United States, United Nations, European Union and Russia.

(Writing by Ori Lewis; editing by Crispian Balmer)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/egypt-brokers-informal-israel-gaza-truce-israeli-official-062851137.html

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NFL 2012 RS Week07 (21 oct) DAL Cowboys v CAR Panthers 540p

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Israeli PM's party to merge with ultranationalists

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu speaks to the media after signing a joint declaration with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti, not shown, in Jerusalem, Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Dan Balilty, Pool)

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu speaks to the media after signing a joint declaration with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti, not shown, in Jerusalem, Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. (AP Photo/Dan Balilty, Pool)

(AP) ? Israel's prime minister announced Thursday that he was joining forces with his hard-line foreign minister in upcoming elections, instantly creating a hawkish superparty that now appears poised to lead the country.

The deal between Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Likud Party and Avigdor Lieberman's Yisrael Beitenu made the new bloc the clear front-runner in the January elections and gave the ultranationalist foreign minister, a staunch opponent of concessions to the Palestinians, a major say in any future peace efforts. It also raised speculation that centrist opposition parties might now be compelled to unite as well.

"Israel needs to unite forces for the sake of Israel. Therefore Likud and Yisrael Beteinu will run together on the same ticket in the next elections," Netanyahu said at a news conference.

"We are asking for a mandate from the public to lead Israel against the security threats foremost preventing Iran from arming itself with nuclear weapons and the struggle against terror," he said.

Israelis vote for political parties, not individual candidates. The leader of the party with the most seats in the 120-member parliament usually serves as prime minister of a coalition government.

The Likud has been leading in opinion polls, but the resurgent Labor Party has been making gains by criticizing the outgoing government's record on economic and social issues.

Analysts suggested that Netanyahu took Thursday's step in order to head off the possibility of a broad centrist bloc led by Labor. Together with Yisrael Beitenu, Likud could control more than 40 parliamentary seats, based on recent polls, making it roughly twice as large as Labor.

Opposition lawmakers said the new alliance created an extremist party opposed to peace and that would alienate many moderate voters. Labor's leader, Shelly Yachimovich, urged her centrist rivals to rally behind her.

"I call on all the centrist forces in the Israeli political map to join with Labor ... to not let the Lieberman-Netanyahu government rule," she said. Yachimovich called Netanyahu's new coalition "racist" and called on "moderate voters on the right" to join Labor.

Lieberman has been both an ally and a rival of Netanyahu over the years. As foreign minister, he has sparked a number of diplomatic incidents with his sharp criticism of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and other Arab leaders.

Lieberman, an immigrant from the former Soviet Union, has appealed to many fellow Soviet immigrants with his tough message but also drawn accusations of racism by questioning the loyalty of Israel's Arab citizens.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-10-25-Israel-Politics/id-465dccd0ddf249b6b5f4825fed7bcae2

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Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Windows 8 ? graphic of the day

Microsoft?s latest operating system will be launched on Friday. Featuring a new interface that targets the younger set, Windows 8 also offers touch-screen functionality for tablet computers while remaining compatible with traditional desktop PC software. Today?s graphic shows a timeline of Microsoft?s major operating system releases, current market share and share price.

microsoft windows 8

23 Oct 2012Thomson Reuters

Source: http://blog.thomsonreuters.com/index.php/windows-8-graphic-of-the-day/

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A Ray of Hope

Every day until the election, Slate will offer up one reason to be optimistic for your candidate.

Today?s Good News for Obama: Mitt Romney has been hitting President Obama hard on gas prices and unemployment. But in swing states, the numbers are now on Obama?s side. Gas prices actually fell 9 cents last week, and in eight swing states, gas prices are below the national average of $3.72 a gallon. As for jobs, unemployment rates have fallen in nine swing states in the past month. What?s more, Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Iowa all benefit from lower gas prices and unemployment below the national average. Obama may be more than happy if Romney chooses to keep pointing to gas prices and unemployment figures in these vital states.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=ffd3ea8e73eb4efa64d10f4ae18f93e5

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Editorial: The most exciting Xbox SmartGlass application isn't what you'd think

The most exciting SmartGlass application isn't what you'd think

In Microsoft's ongoing battle to alter your association between "Xbox" and "Video Games," SmartGlass is its latest volley. Employing your favorite mobile device -- Windows Phone 7.5/8, Android, and iOS devices are all supported -- SmartGlass enables you to control your Dashboard experience, explore the web, input text, and much more. But what Microsoft's really banking on is its "second screen" functionality, essentially enabling another layer of interactivity with video, music, games, and the Xbox 360's other, less ballyhooed service: sports.

It's this final layer that I found most enticing during a recent hands-on meeting with Microsoft. Could sports be the "killer app" that MS needs to get SmartGlass out of its tiny niche and into the hands of the masses? I think so.

Continue reading Editorial: The most exciting Xbox SmartGlass application isn't what you'd think

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Editorial: The most exciting Xbox SmartGlass application isn't what you'd think originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 23 Oct 2012 00:01:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/10/23/xbox-smartglass-nba-game-time/

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Tuesday, October 23, 2012

Lowe's-Home Depot Shares Lure Investors on House Recovery

Shares of Home Depot Inc. and Lowe?s Cos. -- the two largest U.S. home-improvement retailers -- are trading at the highest level in more than 10 years relative to the broader market amid signs the housing recovery is gaining momentum.

New-home construction is the latest sign of improvement, as starts jumped 15 percent in September from the prior month to an 872,000 annual rate, based on data from the Commerce Department, beating the 770,000 median estimate of economists surveyed by Bloomberg News. Residential permits -- a proxy for future construction -- also exceeded the median forecast, rising to an 894,000 annual rate. Both were the highest since July 2008. . . . more

Source: http://blog.keypointpartners.com/2012/10/lowes-home-depot-shares-lure-investors.html

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Apple Unveils iPad Mini, New Macs In California

?Apple Reveals iPad Mini

Apple officially unveiled its iPad mini on Tuesday ? a move that Steve Jobs said would never happen. Along with announcing the highly anticipated device, the press event in California also saw the revelation of a new 13-inch MacBook Pro.

Apple CEO Tim Cook and vice president of marketing Phil Schiller took the stage during Tuesday?s event, unveiling the new iPad mini, which had a 7.9- inch screen and will cost $329, reports Fox News.

Schiller joked with the crowd before the big reveal, saying:

?You knew there?d be something called Mini in this presentation.?

He added that the iPad has sold 84 million units since it debuted in April 201. Cook explained to the crowd:

?So this iPad mini is just 7.2 mm thick. That?s about a quarter thinner than the fourth-generation iPad. Thinner than a pencil.?

Prior to the big announcement, Cook also announced an updated full-size iPad, which he labeled a ?fourth-generation? model. The Los Angeles Times notes that the iPad mini will be available for pre-orders beginning Friday. The Wi-Fi version of the latest Apple product will go on sale on November 2, with cellular versions coming two weeks later.

A 16GB Wi-Fi version of the iPad mini will cost $329, with its cellular counterpart starting at $459. Analysts have said that the timing of the unveiling is smart, because it comes just before the holiday season. JPMorgan analyst Mark Moskowitz stated ahead of the media event:

?In our view, the iPad mini stands to target price-sensitive users and the e-reader crowd. Given the global economic uncertainty, we think price-sensitive users cold gravitate toward an iPad mini instead of making a PC purchase.?

The pair also announced an updated 13-inch MacBook Pro, which Schiller stated is 20 percent thinner than the previous generation, and also weighs a pound less. The new laptop will feature a high-resolution Retina display with more than four million pixels, a 2.5 GHz Intel processor, and a solid-state drive, instead of a spinning disk.

Those interested in purchasing the new laptop will have to shell out at least $1,700. Schiller also announced a new generation of iMacs and Mac minis. The new Mac is razor-thin and starts at $1,299. It will start shipping next month.

Do you plan on purchasing Apple?s new iPad mini?

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheInquisitr_tech/~3/d00aUKWWo-0/

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Meningitis probe could stifle hospital drug supplies

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To share your response on Facebook, click on the Facebook share option.\",\"START_THE_CONVERSATION\":\"Share\",\"THANKS_FOR_SHARING\":\"Thanks!\",\"POLL_HEADER\":\"SOCIAL SENTIMENT\",\"SERVER_ERROR\":\"Oops there seems to be some error, please try again later\",\"LOADING\":\"Loading...\",\"SHARE_AFTER_COMMENT\":\"Your response has been shared on Facebook.\",\"UNDO\":\"Undo\",\"UNIT_PEOPLE\":\"People\",\"NUM_PEOPLE_DISAGREE\":\"disagree with your opinion.\",\"READ_MORE_TEXT\":\"Read what they have to say.\",\"SLIDER_THUMB_WORDING_BEFORE_VOTING\":\"WHAT DO YOU THINK?\",\"SLIDER_THUMB_WORDING_VERB_BEFORE_VOTING\":\"DRAG\",\"SLIDER_THUMB_WORDING_THANKS_VOTING\":\"Thanks for voting\",\"NUM_PEOPLE_ANSWERED\":\" 252,829 people have answered this question\",\"ONE_PERSON_ANSWERED\":\" 1 person has answered this question\",\"TWO_PEOPLE_ANSWERED\":\" 2 people have answered this question\",\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s1\":22264,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s2\":7183,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s3\":6897,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s4\":10049,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s5\":11620,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s6\":194744,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s7\":0,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s8\":0,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s9\":0,\"NUM_PEOPLE_RATED__s10\":0}","fbconfig":"{\"message\":\"undefined\",\"name\":\"undefined\",\"link\":\"\",\"source\":\"\",\"picture\":\"http:\\\/\\\/l.yimg.com\\\/os\\\/152\\\/2012\\\/07\\\/12\\\/slidermedi-jpg_181904.jpg\",\"description\":\"There are quite a few things to consider when thinking about retirement.\",\"captionLeft\":\"undefined\",\"captionRight\":\"undefined\",\"app_id\":\"196660913708276\",\"redirect_uri\":\"\\\/_xhr\\\/ugcratefbredirect\\\/\"}","template_id":"LONG_SLIDER_SOUTH","obj_id":"ratings_e08678859255ff019b5839890d00e30d","opt_count":"6","opt_color1":"","opt_color2":"","template_html":"

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fda-says-meningitis-probe-could-hit-hospital-drug-184713390--sector.html

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What should we keep in personnel files? ? Business Management ...

Q. Does Pennsylvania law specify what we should keep in personnel files?

A. The Pennsylvania Personnel Files Act defines ?personnel file? to include the following documents: ?any application for employment, wage or salary information, notices of commendations, warning or discipline, authorization for a deduction or withholding of pay, fringe benefit information, leave records, employment history with the employer, including salary information, job title, dates of changes, retirement record, attendance records and performance evaluations.

?The term ?personnel file? shall not include records of an employee relating to the investigation of a possible criminal offense, letters of reference, documents which are being developed or prepared for use in civil, criminal or grievance procedures, medical records or materials which are used by the employer to plan for future operations or information available to the employee under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.?

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Source: http://www.businessmanagementdaily.com/33046/what-should-we-keep-in-personnel-files

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Monday, October 22, 2012

Official word on the Optimus G bootloader

Optimus G

A lot of people are excited about the upcoming LG Optimus G launch on AT&T and Sprint, but it seems like the most common question I'm hearing is about the bootloader.

LG has historically been pretty open with their Android phones, and adding in no extra security or encryption on the bootloader. That all changed with the past couple releases, and plenty of folks were surprised when they found the bootloader on the Optimus 4XHD and Optimus VU locked up tight and encrypted. Everyone wants to know if the powerhouse that is the Optimus G will be hacker friendly, so I asked a contact at LG for the answer.

Hi Jerry,

The Optimus G doesn’t support an unlocked bootloader.

So there you have it. Expect things to be pretty locked down, and possibly never be cracked open. I can't say I'm any happier about it than you are, and I'm just glad we got the firm answer before money changed hands on release day.

Will this affect your decision to buy the Optimus G? Hash it all out in the Optimus G forums.



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/ox6PezwMH5Y/story01.htm

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Tattoo of the week: English major's tattoos represent literary love ...

????????????????????????????????????? Photo by Kynslie Otte

Junior English major Taylor Scholle?s tattoos are inspired by her love of literature. Currently, Scholle has 12 tattoos. She was 17 when she got her first two tattoos, which include a treble clef on her right wrist and a bass clef on her left wrist.

?I was a proud band nerd,? Scholle said.

Scholle?s tattoos are significant for different reasons, but her Shel Silverstein tattoo is significant to her childhood. It illustrates the image of the child on the cover of Silverstein?s book ?Falling Up? on her right forearm.

?I?ve always loved reading, and I fondly remember reading lots of Shel Silverstein?s poetry with my mom and brothers,? Scholle said. ?A majority of my tattoos are literary-themed, and I?ll probably be covered in words and images from books by the time I?m old.?

Scholle also has the illustration of the protagonist from Norton Juster?s ?The Phantom Tollbooth? on the inside of her right bicep.

?I think reading that book was the moment I knew I would always love books,? she said. ?I also attribute my love affair with puns to that novel.?

One of Scholle?s tattoos was inspired by friendship and her belief in equality.

?I got a tattoo of an equal sign on my ring finger with a friend after he experienced some pretty awful, hateful words from some close-minded chumps and felt pretty shaken up,? she said. ?That was a pretty neat, healing experience for everyone involved.?

Most of Scholle?s tattoos were done at ?Sink or Swim Tattoo? by artist Thomas Hendrix. According to Scholle, he has some of the best prices in the city, and none of her tattoos has exceeded $100.

?Thomas always makes the experience comfortable and fun, so it?s always a pleasure going in to get another one,? she said.

Scholle?s family reacted positively to her tattoos. Her mother allowed her to get her first tattoos when she was underage, and the two have gotten tattoos together.

Scholle?s friends have responded similarly.

?Friends who don?t have tattoos are always amazed and awed and talk about how ?brave? I am,? she said. ?Friends with just as many or more tattoos than me will admire a new one for a moment, show me their new and bigger one, and then we?ll talk about plans for future ones.?

Scholle plans to get more tattoos in the future, and said, ?My only fear is that I?ll run out of space.?

Scholle is confident she will not grow to regret her tattoos.

?I can see my interests changing as I age, but that?s part of what I like about tattoos,? she said. ?If at one or any point in my life something was important enough to permanently put on my body, I feel that?s something I should always remember about that period in my life.?

If you or someone you know has a tattoo of significance and would like to be featured in the ?Tattoo of the Week? column, please contact\kotte@unews.com.

kotte@unews.com

Source: http://unews.com/2012/10/22/tattoo-of-the-week-english-majors-tattoos-represent-literary-love-and-childhood-inspiration/

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