30 years of internet | Business Economics

Posted by admin on Jan 23, 2013 in Cover Story | 0 comments

Meghaduta (?cloud messenger?) is a poem written by Kalidasa, who was considered to be one of the greatest Sanskrit poets. It recounts how a yaksa, a subject of King Kubera after being exiled for a year to Central India, convinces a passing cloud to take a message to his wife at Alaka on Mount Kailasa.

Today it is the cloud, which carries our message to our loved ones but through the internet. Three decades ago the modern internet became operational as the US military flipped the switch on TCP/IP on January 1, 1983.? Arpanet as it was called then, paved the way for the global internet as we know it today. In 1984, the US Department of Defence made TCP/IP the standard for all military computer networks, which led to its increased adoption in research facilities and educational establishments, and also set it on the path to becoming a standard for commercial IT products. As more and more get covered by this virtual world, life becomes a chronicler of mini-revolutions of growth, communication and development.

Netizens to globizens

The world currently has 2 billion internet users, of whom 50% live outside the developed world. The global internet population is projected to climb to 2.6-2.9 billion by 2015. By then, based on existing projections, India, which with 120 million users has the third largest internet user base in the world, is projected to hit 350 million, catapulting it to a global ranking of 2, with the fastest rate of growth.

Internet through mobile is literally a revolution. Those who could not afford computer use internet through mobilephones and devices.? India is expected to have close to 165 million mobile internet users by March 2015, up from 87.1 million in December 2012 as more people are accessing the web through mobile devices and dongles, as per a report by Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB.

The internet has established its role as a powerful economic force multiplier with a new study projecting that its contribution to India?s GDP will explode to USD 100 billion (`5 lakh crore) by 2015 from USD 30 billion (`1.5 lakh crore) at present. The study on the ?Impact of Internet on the Indian Economy? by McKinsey, which is still to be released, could well become a new anchor for the government?s programmes to enhance digital citizenship.

THIRTY TAKES

Web Search Engine

It can be seen as the Jack of all trades, but it is indeed a master to fish out information on anything under the sun. It turned an ordinary computer into a box of info goodies. In the early 1980s, when the internet took its modern shape, no one had thought about a modern Aladdin?s lamp called search engine. Today one just has to type the words, and voila, one has thousands of options to pick and choose from. With time, search engines are fine-tuning their facilities and adding value-based services. Today Google is the most popular among search engines. Other biggies are yahoo, bing, AltaVista,? etc.

Domain name

A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). In general, a domain name represents an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the internet, a server computer hosting a website, or the website itself or any other service communicated via the internet.

It is again a significant change that has helped to revolutionize the entire sphere of communication, business and many others. By 1992, fewer than 15,000. com domains had been registered.In December 2009 there were 192 million domain names. These statistics are enough to show the extent of change brought by this. Today every company, however small has a specific domain name to have a specific identity in the virtual world. Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. There are only a limited number of such domains. l gov ? Government agencies l? edu ? Educational institutions

l org ? Organizations (nonprofit) l? mil ? Military

l com ? commercial business l? net ? Network organizations

l ca ? Canada? l? th ? Thailand

Because the Internet is based on IP addresses, not domain names, every Web server? requires a Domain Name System (DNS) server to translate domain names into IP addresses. But very recently the International Internet Monitoring Association has decided to approve more domain names.

YouTube

YouTube is still smashing the rest of the web video industry, at least when it comes to how many videos people watch every month. There is no doubt that YouTube has turned into a way in which people can become famous and has even turned numerous peoples lives round. Examples of this is the now teenage pop sensation Justin Bieber, who was unknown about four years ago but after he posted himself singing on YouTube he soon had well over a million views and was quickly approached by top artists such as Usher.

Videos going ?viral? has made YouTube an instant success magnet. The more one monetizes one?s YouTube channel, the more can one earn. Nowadays, even TV channels are beaming their shows on YouTube and movies are being released on it.

The videos can be made public or customised to ?private? viewing. No wonder, it was named by Time Magazine as its ?2006 Person of the Year? because the power of the people was best presented by YouTube.

Facebook and social network

Social media has revolutionized the media and communication system. They connect one 24?7 where one can share his thoughts and feelings with other people. The role of these media has gradually been extended beyond a site that helps people to ?post? comments and ?connect? to ?mobilize? and ?influence?. Twitter was used to spark the Arab Spring uprising. Closer home, take the incident of gang rape of the young Delhi Girl. There was a huge uproar against the brutal incident and these networking sites are so powerful that no one tends to ignore them. It was a humble tweet that led to the resignation of Shashi Tharoor, when he was a junior minister of external affairs.

There are limitless choices and immense potential of social networking sites, though it depends on how we use them.

In 2008, Orkut was the trendsetter, though with the new decade of the millennium, Facebook and Twitter outpaced Orkut. According to internet world statistics, there are 232,835,740 people who use Facebook worldwide. This huge user base has prompted companies to promote their business online and mop huge revenue. For example, Dell?s social media efforts soon led to sales of USD 6.5 million through its Twitter account in 2009. Many have since stepped up efforts to generate sales using social media.? Barack Obama, during the US Presidential elections, used social media to the hilt to translate his Facebook ?Likes? or what is called ?vanity metrics? into actual votes.

Further, social media marketing when hitched on to the wagon of e-retailing has changed shopping and advertising businesses.

Sameer Bajaj, Associate Director, ESPN, feels, ?It is strongly recommended for anybody who wants to understand the social media place and how one can leverage it for meeting business objectives.?

Development of Public opinion and Platform for exchanging views

While West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee used Facebook to generate mass support against the FDI in multi-brand retail, film actors took to Twitter to promote their views and movies. Political debates increasingly find social network a hospitable debating platform.

Online media along newspapers and audio-visual media come out daily with polls and questions inviting analysts public opinion just to keep readers on their toes. Market analysis have contended the more interactive the news media, the more is its business. Newspaper majors coined terms for public commentators like ?influencers?,? ?news-king?, ?opinion-maker?, etc, to invite their participation in their quest for more viewership/readership. In fact, it is felt that more than columnists, it is public commentators that news media want.

The Pew Research Center?s Global Attitudes Project survey showed? in all countries, those in the 18-29 age group were the heaviest users of social network to publicize their opinions on political and social issues as well as music and movies. ?Recently, Mohun Bagan fan club expressed anger over the club authority after the ban faced by the club from AIFA. It posted more than 15000 comments in a day instead of physical protests,? said Aveek Sarkar, a member of the fan club.

Email- A new address of anyone

Some 2 billion e-mails a day from PCs, tablets and mobile phones are sent and the estimated current regular users of email is about 1.3 billion. Email users? exponential growth is because it is easy, quick and free, though in some cases it does cost. The concept of email was first explored at MIT in 1965 while the first email message was sent in 1971. Computer engineer Ray Tomlinson working in the US defence sent the first text message. However, the first printed use of the word ?E-Mail? appeared in a July, 1982 in the issue of Computerworld.

In 1999, a fraudulent chain mail stating that Bill Gates would pay you to ?forward this mail to your friends? was circulated to millions of people. Politicians grabbed this opportunity of free communication with two hands. The then US preseidential candidate made a 13 million email database. However, the Associated Press changed the word email to email and Oxford dictionary recognized email and chat short-form of words like LOL, TMI, FYI and OMG as words.

Business outsourcing

Even though business outsourcing started as an instrument for cost saving, it now turns up as a strategic tool of power shift in the twenty-first century global economy. Outsourcing can increase productivity and competitiveness ten times. British Airways saves about USD 23 million for every 1000 jobs sent to India. Corporate giants are no longer putting importance on outsourcing as a mere business tactic. It has now become an obvious choice to remain competitive on the world stage.

Michael F. Corbett, President and CEO of Michael F. Corbett & Associates, Ltd. said in an emailed response to BE, ?The average company only spends about 2% of the value of its outsourcing contracts to manage its relationship with the outsource provider. In a survey, 90% of respondents cited outsourcing as crucial to their growth strategies.? He added that a Java programmer earned USD 60,000 a year in the US while a worker assigned with the same job in India got USD 5,000 a year.

India has become the global leader in the outsourcing industry with half of the world?s back office? located here. ?Indian outsourcing revenue at USD 59 billion for 2011, accounts for 51% of the global offshore market share,? said a report from Tholons Research, a Bangalore based advisory firm.

Business outsourcing has yielded solution to jobless growth. The total direct employment by Indian IT-BPO sector (as of 2011) was 1.98 million and indirect employment was 7.5 million. Jai Gill, Senior Consultant with the strategic consulting firm Gallup in India, felt that BPO in India has experienced exponential growth but yet BPO companies were struggling to attract the right talent. Datamonitor, a London-based independent market analysis firm?s report showed that outsourcing would continuously expand.

E banking-money transfer, payment

N. R. Narayana Murthy, co-founder of Infosys, once said that he did not know whether banks will be there in future or not, but banking will definitely be there. Most of us can remember the long queues in front of bank counters in our childhood days. Whether one wanted to deposit or withdraw even hundred bucks, one had to go through long lines. Cases were also there, when a person was hospitalised, his family members had to borrow money if it was Sunday or bank holiday.

ATMs and online money transfer have changed our lives. We now have 24?7 banking through out the year. Now salaries and payments are being paid directly to respective accounts. Nowadays most of the banking activities can be done online like fixed deposits, mutual funds, insurance and what not? It can be done overseas as well. ICICI Bank was the first to launch online banking under the name of ?Infinity?.

Online Stock market

Anywhere from the world one can participate in the same stock market. The moment X offers a price to sell a stock, it is visible all over the world whoever is following the stock market and Y can buy it immediately. It can be the case that X and Y are sitting in the south and north poles. This is a paradigm shift from the early days when brokers went to the market to bid and offer manually. Nobody was able to know what the exact price of the stock was. Other important information like dividend, balance sheet, production and sales were confined to those inside.

In contrast, not only best buying and best selling prices are available but the top 5 buyers and sellers are available with quantity, that too, on a real time basis. Moreover, now it is mandatory that all information related to the company including prospective orders should be told to SEBI first and SEBI will make it public. Anybody sitting anywhere can access it on a real time basis with the help of the internet.

Online business

Nikhil Rungta, Country Head Marketing, Google India, told BE, ?With 120 million internet users in the country, India is already the third biggest internet user base in the world and has tremendous headroom for growth. The e-commerce industry in India is already USD 6 billion.?

Across India, more and more people are connecting with local businesses online. Now websites are made at dirt cheap cost and even free of cost. Current and prospective customers can contact an organisation online. Entire business and marketing has changed after the introduction of social media. In the coming days, the virtual might surpass the actual market.

Online tax payment

It is a kind of ?Do it Yourself? that allows one to pay one?s tax online. There are many websites to compute tax liability for you including www.law.incometaxindia.gov.in. There are many websites which help to understand one?s net income, property tax, wealth tax and other payables.

The process is also very simple. One has to open a net-banking account with any of the banks. Go to website www.incometaxindia.gov.in, click on ?pay taxes on-line?. Fill in the required challan online.? Help is available on screen as FAQ, downloads etc. Make tax payment through net-banking account online. A challan counterfoil will be available instantaneously on the screen with Challan Identification Number (CIN). The CIN on this counterfoil should be quoted in Return of Income. It is gaining popularity day by day.

Business related data, trends, market research reports all are given online. Some are paid and some are not.

E-Governance

NeGP (National e-Governance Plan) makes all government services available to the citizens of India via electronic media. This plan was an outcome of the recommendations of the second Administrative Reforms Commission.

The immediacy and accessibility of the internet makes it an ideal medium for transparency, whether intended or not.? Now anyone can know what is the law, rule and regulations.? Even departments and regions cannot give the excuse of lack of coordination as each can know what the other is doing.

E-Governance thus greatly simplifies the process of information accumulation for citizens and businesses. It empowers people who can get services from the government and have a record of these.

Work from home

Thirty years ago, if people were told that they can perform office work from home they would have scoffed at the notion. With the option of emails, online transactions, etc., one can run a business from home. There are also many bloggers and writers who earn from their blogs.

E-shopping

For those who are too busy to find the time for shopping, e-shopping has brought the shops within their reach with a click of a mouse. The icing on the cake is cash on delivery option and easy exchange facility. According to a study by ASSOCHAM, the online retail industry would reach `7,000 crore mark by 2015. According to D.S. Rawat, Secretary General, ASSOCHAM, ?Earlier, most online shoppers used to evaluate options by gathering information on available products and prices or buy low-value items like gift products but finally opted for final transactions at the traditional retail outlets.But now the trend is changing fast. Leading companies have gauged the potential of online retail industry and are gearing up fast to cash in.? Big e-shopping and auctioning sites include ebay, flipkart, infibeam, amazon, groupon, etc.

Booking tickets, paying bills

Like e-shopping, one can also book travel tickets, hotels, order food, book gas cylinders? pay utility bills- all through the internet.

Free tender and advertisement

The internet advertising space in India has reached an inflection point to become a billion dollar industry. The internet advertising industry in India is still relatively small and is about 4% of the total advertising industry. It has been going through a process of evolution that has so far led to transformations of ideas without bringing about abrupt displacements in the marketer?s world.

Previously if one wanted to publish a tender notice or advertisement, he needed to pay for it. On the other side, who wanted to bid for the tender or respond to the advertisement also had to pay. Now both options are free so the opportunities for the business have increased. Even payments are made? online. It has minimized the ?raj? of middlemen in the business.

Access to vast data and online reports

Initially it was next to impossible to get a company?s balance sheet if one was not the shareholder of the company. Even if one was ready to pay huge amounts, government reports and annual reports difficult to access. Now all these reports can be accessed easily and many of these are free of cost.? It helps researchers, academicians, journalists, and especially trend analysts. If one wants to know what has happened ten years back, archival support is there.

E-Learning

Today, thanks to the internet, students do not need to be in the classroom always. Even pupils all over the world, enrolled for a certain course, can attend lectures from home. Once can access the digital library of universities. For example, in the Stanford University, Daphne Koller and Andrew Ng started an online education company, its free college courses had drawn in a million users, a faster launching than either Facebook or Twitter. Computer professors at Stanford University watched in amazement as enrollment passed 2 million last month, with 70,000 new students a week signing up for over 200 courses, including Human-Computer Interaction, Songwriting and Gamification, taught by faculty members at the company?s partners, 33 elite universities.

Not only education, there are also possibilities to teach music and dancing online. Online tutoring brings together people of different professions with different knowledge backgrounds who share their knowledge, ideas, information and experiences via the World Wide Web. In short, online tutorials provide a platform for students and the online tutor for interactive e-learning process. This has helped to revolutionize the entire education system from what it had been three decades ago.

Video Conferencing & Chatting

Business can be done ?face-to-face while not in-person?. In the internet world, video conferencing allows this. Business travellers can make it to their sales or strategic market oriented meeting without leaving their home office. They avoid flights across the continent and star hotel reservations. Virtual reality is that travel companies and hoteliers are now in steep competition with the growing use of video conferencing as an alternative to business travel. Video conferencing was rated as one of the seven major trends reshaping the US corporate travel landscape in PhoCusWright?s US Corporate Travel Distribution Fourth Edition.

In fact, Frost & Sullivan project video conferencing usage to grow by 20% annually over the next three years to become a more than a USD 2 billion industry. ?The cost of video conferencing technology is shrinking, precisely at a time when the economic cost of traditional business travel is being questioned. In its early stages, video conferencing was limited to non-client facing, intra-company interactions,? Ajit Dandekar, Manager, Miland Hotel, Bhubaneswar, told BE.

The growing importance of video conferencing presents not only competition for business travel, but also potential for partnership and profit. ?Some major travel suppliers have already positioned themselves as facilitators of video conferencing as a benefit to their clients. Major hotel chains, for instance, can bear the cost of expensive cutting edge video confe-rencing systems that could potentially create an ancillary revenue stream,? Dandekar added. Travel companies that recognize this growing corporate travel trend, now have the best opportunity to leverage it to their advantage.

Not only business, even educational courses can be learnt through video conferencing. What is even more surprising is that surgeries can be governed by experts through video conferencing.

Apurba Roy, a software engineer working in Quebec, Canada, often opts for video chatting while talking to his parents staying in Kolkata. He told BE, ?When my parents wanted to communicate with my 5-year-old son, they were delighted to see how much he has grown. In the era of telephone, they could not, but now they can. Technology gives that extra? ?pleasure? to my parents that cannot be valued through price.?

Video chat not only serves people who are away from home to keep them in touch with their roots but also offers professionals like doctors to be at one?s door step. Dr. Kaustav Dalal, a health economist working in KarolinskaInstituet in Sweden, told BE, ?During freezing time, doctors would offer video chat with patients. Around 60% of? people call in for rashes or cold symptoms that can be fully handled online. Follow-up visits can also be scheduled. For the rest, patients are advised to go for clinic.?

Delhi police, in fact, any city?s police can? take lessons Copenhagen police. Citizens across Denmark have taken advantage of their first opportunity to connect with the police through online video chat. Officers at Station Bellah?j in Copenhagen used Netop Live Guide chat technology to conduct a public forum on crime prevention. National television coverage prompted hundreds of citizens to take advantage of this new form of communication with the police.

However in case of business operation through video chatting, Indian micro and small units are at a nascent stage while SMEs in European countries bank on video communication to scale up their business along improving customer care. However Nikhil Rungta, Country Head Marketing Google India, said, ?Only 5% of India?s 8 million small businesses have a website. We?ve already published over 100,000 websites for small medium businesses (SMBs) through our ?India Get Online? initiative.? He added, ?Building websites free of cost for SMBs took off well as 50,000 websites were created, which are quick, easy and free to set up in the next three years.?

Online gaming

For thousands of years, people have been playing games of chance or wagering on the outcomes of various games and events. Today, that activity often takes place at casinos, game parlors, bookmakers and?increasingly?online. rom cricket to puzzles to interactive games, this is a billion dollar industry. The market value of the global gaming industry is expected to rise 20% this year to USD 90 billion. Gaming apps like Angry Birds have encouraged a new generation of young gamers to design and sell their own games.

i Tunes

iTunes changed the way the entertainment industry did its business with its easy and customized download options. Apple priced its content? reasonably, with individual songs starting at `7 and music albums starting at `70, while in the US iTunes store, tracks cost upwards of $0.99. Apple?s iTunes also allows one to rent and download movies. Users? get the option to rent the title for just `120 (HD version) or `80 (SD version). As the song goes ?video killed the radio star?, now iTunes seems ready to trump the VCD/DVD and multiplex phenomena.

Apps

Life is all about apps today. From games to movies to news?everything can be made into an app that is free or can be downloaded at nominal rates. Mobile apps are the fastest growing way of communicating with one?s audience. In some countries, mobile phones outnumber the amount of people! And it still continues to grow, as the internet technology spreads throughout the world, and becomes indespensible to our lives.

Medical transcription

Medical transcription is a very important part of clinical documentation and when done by electronic means, it is cost effective. Medical transcription outsourcing has become possible thanks to the information technology masters. What is more is that it keeps the information about the patient?s medical records very safe and secure. All the data is archived in a systematic way and thus one can gain access to it anytime one wants, even
after years.

Natural Calamity Awareness

Given that losses due to disasters account for around 2% of our GDP, disaster alerts through the net has gained traction. After the 2004 tsunami, India has taken up the issue of early warning mechanism seriously. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) installed 12 bottom pressure early warning tsunami buoys (a kind of censors) in the Indian Ocean, six each in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. ?If there is any indication of tsunami, INCOIS will communicate computer generated warnings (including possible run up, areas to be inundated etc.) to the district and state disaster management cell,? said Dr. S. Hazra, Director, School of Ocenograohic Studies, Government of India to BE.

He added, ?There are 138 agro floating buoys in the Indian oceans, which are related to climate to communicate climatic information. As a part of the sea warning mechanism we have installed warning equipments in five fishing harbours namely Shankarpur, Petuaghat, Kakdwip, Namkhana and Fejargunj in West Bengal.?

Mahmood Hossein, an engineer working on earthquake preparedness said, ?Prevention begins with information. An improved reliability of disaster information from satellite image due to the recent advanced image processing technology enables us to obtain various disaster information via remote sensing at anytime and anyplace, improving an environment to utilize it for disaster mitigation. Satellite technology can be useful in collecting and the dissemination of disaster mitigation information.?

In the world of internet, however, in developing countries, due to the strict governments? control, the topographic access is somehow limited. That is why Geographical Information System (GIS) is a very effective tool for planning, especially in risk mitigation activities.

Developed countries like the US through fema.gov and other sites have already set up disaster alert, response and prevention sites that can be accessed by anyone with an internet connection through different devices.

Internet reduces paper usage, saves environment and cost

?Please print only if absolutely necessary. Save Paper, Save Trees?- the message is being circulated nowadays through all modes of internet communication. Encyclopedia Britannica stopped its printing and went online perhaps to reduce cost and save trees. Analysts say, ?One tonne of 100% virgin (non-recycled) newsprint uses 12 trees.? According to a Citigroup-Environmental Defense study, the actual cost of printing is 13 to 31 times the purchase price of the paper used, or somewhere between USD 0.06 and USD 0.13 per page. ?With such a huge cost, paper and printing industry feel the pinch from internet,? said Bijoy Bharadwaj, senior executive, KPMG.

Blogging

Blogging changed the game for websites. People could open their blogs (web diaries, video or audio journals, picture chronicle), for free, upgrade it at nominal rates and air their views and showcase their creativity to the public or their select friends. The Blogosphere is a networked planet of netizens who share and promote their works as well as of those whom they like or do business with (through Blogroll, etc.). Bloggers are now opinion makers and the beauty is that one can write whatever one likes and if one attracts enough audience, one becomes a rich blogger indeed. Indiblogger.in is a premier directory for bloggers in India.

Cyber crime

More than 42 million people in India fell victim to cybercrime in the past 12 months, suffering approximately USD 8 billion (`44,400 crore) in direct financial losses, according to a new report by security firm Symantec. According to the Norton Cybercrime Report 2012, 66% of Indian online adults have been victims of cybercrime in their lifetime. In the past twelve months, 56% of online adults in India have experienced cybercrime?more than 115,000 victims of cybercrimes every day, 80 victims per minute and more than 1 per second?and the average direct financial cost per victim is USD 192?up 18% over 2011 (USD163), according to the 2012 edition of the Norton Cybercrime Report 2012.

Data insecurity

Around 50% of security threats in India are a result of Malicious Code. The same figure for the western world is around 20%. This points towards the distinct nature of threats India Inc. faces and needs to address urgently. Even the most common threat propagation methods in India are in the form of file sharing mechanisms, be it flash drives, CDs or DVDs.The overall level of IT security implementation in the country is definitely low compared to global standards. As a services destination, in spite of cost advantages and quality, Data Security could become India?s greatest disadvantage. The coming of Web 2.0 also has meant that IT security systems need to evolve. With the coming of social networking and Wikis, security must expand to adapt to the new generation of threats.

Another major development, has been that the quantity of data in unstructured form as in e-mail, Word files, Excel sheets etc. is much greater than those in structured form (databases). Defining rules around that is rather crude today. Understanding unstructured data is critical today and lessons can be learnt from the information retrieval world, basically, search engines.

Privacy

Various social networking sites are widely being used primarily for sharing of information among friends. Company employees are especially vulnerable as they post information related to their business or company. Many of the social networking sites make all information public by default. These sites can provide a wealth of information on issues such as employment history. The trouble with such information sharing is that it makes users more vulnerable to invitations from nefarious characters. Social networking sites are also goldmine for phishers. Identity theft is also on the rise.

There is no general data protection law in India. In May of 2000, the government passed the Information Technology Act, a set of laws intended to provide a comprehensive regulatory environment for electronic commerce. The Act also addresses computer crime, hacking, damage to computer source code, breach of confidentiality and viewing of pornography. ChapterX of the Act creates a Cyber Appellate Tribunal to oversee adjudication of cyber-crimes such as damage to computer systems (Section 43) and breach of confidentiality (Section 72). It was amended in 2008 with such sweeping provisions that it could also be misused by so-called cyber guardians.

Addiction to internet and isolation from society

Internet addiction disorder (IAD) has become common. It has been added to the list of serious mental disorders following an alarming rise in children who cannot log off. Mike Kyrios from Swinburne University of Technology said that? ?internet-use disorder? would be? included in the list of mental disorders in DSM-IV.

Students and professionals get distracted from their work by online game, even online porno-graphy. In just over a month, more than 120 sexually exploited children were identified in an international operation that found them depicted in child pornography on the Internet.? ?In Operation Sunflower, led by agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement?s Homeland Security Investigation unit found that from November 1 to December 7, 2012, about 123 victims of child sexual exploitation were identified,? ICE Director John Morton said.

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Source: http://www.businesseconomics.in/?p=5254

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